Which of the following medications is not included in the initial measures for the treatment of angina pectoris?

The correct answer, which indicates that beta blockers are not included in the initial measures for the treatment of angina pectoris, is based on the standard primary approach to managing this condition.

When treating angina pectoris, the initial measures typically focus on addressing the immediate symptoms and improving blood flow to the heart muscle. Nitrates are commonly used as they provide rapid relief from angina by dilating blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload. Calcium channel blockers can also be part of the initial management strategy as they help to relax and widen blood vessels, thereby reducing myocardial oxygen demand and relieving angina. Antiplatelet agents are crucial in preventing clot formation, which can exacerbate angina, especially in patients at risk for acute coronary events.

While beta blockers are an important part of long-term management for patients with angina, particularly in those with a history of myocardial infarction or certain types of angina, they are not typically part of the immediate treatment protocol when a patient presents with symptoms of angina. Rather, their use is more geared towards preventive measures and controlling the frequency and severity of angina episodes over time.

This distinction clarifies the roles of each medication class in the management of angina, emphasizing that the