What action should be taken if 'coffee ground' material is observed coming from a patient's NG tube?

The observation of 'coffee ground' material coming from a patient's NG (nasogastric) tube is indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding, specifically from the upper GI tract. The dark, granular appearance resembles coffee grounds due to the presence of digested blood. Therefore, the appropriate action in this situation is to have the drainage tested for blood.

This testing is crucial as it allows healthcare providers to confirm the presence of blood, which can lead to necessary interventions based on the severity and source of the bleeding. Understanding the nature of the bleeding helps in determining the urgency of medical treatment, potential transfusion needs, and further diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopy.

In contrast, increasing IV fluids, changing the NG tube, or administering anti-emetics do not directly address the crucial concern of assessing and managing the bleeding indicated by the 'coffee ground' material. Each of these alternative actions, while potentially relevant in other contexts, does not pertain directly to identifying and confirming the underlying issue of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.